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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/21.11106/44

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Radikale Orientierungen Jugendlicher vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung der religiösen Identität im Jugendalter
(Universität Vechta, 2024-07-11) Schramm, Alexandra; Stein, Margit; Zimmer, Veronika
Im Prozess der Identitätsentwicklung und der damit häufig verknüpften Erfahrung der Verunsicherung und des Zweifels sind Jugendliche besonders empfänglich für Angebote und Versprechungen der Wertschätzung und Anerkennung, wie sie häufig vermeintlich von radikalen Gruppierungen offeriert werden. Jugendliche beginnen spätestens ab der Pubertät aus all dem Wissen über sich, der Gesellschaft und der Welt ihr eigenes Selbstbild zu formen. „Ich bin, was ich bin“ beschreibt Erikson diesen Prozess.Was sie sind, erleben Jugendliche in Auseinandersetzung mit sich und ihrer sozialen Umwelt. Erleben sie hier, dass sich ihre religiöse Zugehörigkeit, welche maßgeblich zu ihrer Identität gehört und sich möglicherweise auch nach außen zeigt, subjektiv gesehen nicht mit einer gesamtgesellschaftlichen Zugehörigkeit vereinbaren lässt, wenden sie sich leicht Communities und Peers zu, in denen sie entsprechend ihres Selbstbildes Anerkennung und Wertschätzung erfahren. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Entwicklung der religiösen Identität im Jugendalter und potenziell dysfunktionalen Prozessen, die zu radikalen Orientierungen führen können. Basierend auf der Auswertung qualitativer Interviews mit 26 Wissenschaftler:innen aus elf der 13 Zentren und Institute für Islamische Theologie in Deutschland wird die Bedeutung der jugendlichen Phase der Identitätsbildung für Radikalisierungsprozesse herausgearbeitet. Die Auswertung der Interviews zeigt, dass die Befragten nicht adäquat gelöste Konflikte und Krisen in der Entwicklungsphase der Ausbildung einer eigenen Identität im Jugendalter als eine der wesentlichsten Ursachen für die Entwicklung von radikalen Orientierungen ausmachen und diese Entwicklung radikaler Orientierungen als einen dysfunktionalen Sozialisationsprozess verstehen. Insbesondere die Bedeutung der Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Religion und der damit verbundenen religiösen Identität bewerten die Expert:innen als zentral.
„... alle Jugendlichen suchen ja in der Pubertät den Sinn des Lebens“ – Radikalisierungsprozesse aus Perspektive von Fachkräften der Präventionspraxis
(Universität Vechta, 2024-12-06) Bösing, Eike; Lautz, Yannick von; Kart, Mehmet; Stein, Margit
Der Beitrag widmet sich auf Basis von 25 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Fachkräften der Islamismusprävention unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf Radikalisierungsprozesse. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, welche Narrative und Annahmen über diese Prozesse im Handlungsfeld vorherrschen. Als Analyseraster dient eine Heuristik auf Grundlage der Synthese gängiger Modellierungen von Radikalisierungsverläufen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich bei den befragten Fachkräften vier vorherrschende Typen, in denen jeweils unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte hervorgehoben werden. Im ersten Typ wird Radikalisierung als ein Stufenprozess verstanden, der mit einem identifizierbaren Auslöser oder Wendepunkt beginnt und zu einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit radikalen Ideologien führt. Der zweite Typ sieht Radikalisierungsprozesse als jugendspezifische Orientierung an, wobei Jugendlichen grundsätzlich eine erhöhte Empfänglichkeit für radikale Narrative zugeschrieben wird. Der dritte Typ hebt die Bedeutung des sozialen Umfelds und negativer Reaktionen auf religiöse Sinnsuche für Radikalisierungsprozesse hervor. Im vierten Typ wird Radikalisierung insbesondere als Rekrutierung durch etablierte radikale Szenen betrachtet, die gezielt neue Mitglieder gewinnen wollen. Dies geschehe durch Inszenierung als Vertreter*innen der Muslim*innen und durch das Ausnutzen gesellschaftlicher Debatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Fachleute der Präventionspraxis unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf Radikalisierungsprozesse haben, wodurch Diskurse über das Phänomen beeinflusst und potenziell unterschiedliche Ansätze der Prävention impliziert werden.
Trivializing the future: Cognitive dissonance and incumbents’ underinvestment in radical innovations on the example of cellular agriculture
(Universität Vechta) Lin-Hi, Nick Prof. Dr.; Böttcher, Johanna; Burdorf, Katharina Dr.in; Dettmer, Marlene; Blumberg, Igor Dr.
Incumbent organizations often struggle to manage the significant challenges posed by radical innovations, risking loss of market share, reduced profitability, and long-term success. While the question of why incumbents fail to adapt to radical innovations has been extensively discussed in the literature, the reasons for their frequent failure remain incompletely understood. Drawing on cognitive dissonance theory, the present paper proposes a new explanatory mechanism for incumbent’s failure to embrace radical innovations. It was hypothesized that 1) the confrontation with a radical innovation arouses cognitive dissonance in organizational members, with the dissonance being greater the more organizational members are negatively affected by the innovation, 2) to cope with the cognitive dissonance, organizational members trivialize the radicalness of a radical innovation, and 3) the trivialization of an innovation’s radicalness has a negative effect on organizational members’ willingness to invest in the innovation. To test the hypothesized relationships, a survey-based experiment was conducted with 380 participants from the meat industry using cellular agricultural products (cell-cultured meat and cell-cultured fish) as an example of a radical innovation. The results of a t-test and a structural equation model support the formulated hypotheses. An additional survey-based experiment provides further support for the proposed relationships. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mental barriers that prevent incumbent organizations from investing in emerging radical innovations, thereby contributing to micro-level innovation research.
Science, policy, and public expectations: A qualitative investigation of consumer perspectives on cultured meat
(Universität Vechta) Bökemeyer, Celine; Dettmer, Marlene; Lin-Hi, Nick Prof. Dr.
Radical innovations such as cultured meat have gained attention as potential pathways toward more sustainable food systems. However, such innovations can only realize their societal potential if they are met with public acceptance. Achieving this acceptance poses multiple challenges – one of which is the inherent uncertainty that often accompanies unfamiliar and novel (food) technologies like cultured meat. Drawing on uncertainty reduction theory, consumers faced with unfamiliar innovations seek information to mitigate this uncertainty, and often turn to institutions involved in their development and regulation, such as science and policy. These institutions thus play a pivotal role not only in providing credible information but also in cultivating trust. Gaining insight into consumers’ concerns and perceived potentials of cultured meat, as well as their expectations of scientific and political actors, is essential for fostering informed public discourse and strengthening societal trust. In the present study, we conducted exploratory focus group discussions in four German cities. Participants reflected on the perceived potentials and risks of cultured meat and formulated concrete expectations toward science and politics. Our findings confirm well-established acceptance factors, such as concerns about animal welfare and health, while also revealing novel themes – especially regarding systemic transformation and food system resilience. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a qualitative account of how consumers conceptualize the roles and responsibilities of scientific and political actors in the development of cultured meat, thereby addressing a previously overlooked dimension of consumer acceptance.
When humans and robots meet: intergroup contact in human-robot interaction
(Universität Vechta) Dettmer, Marlene; Böttcher, Johanna; Bökemeyer, Celine; Lin-Hi, Nick Prof. Dr.
As technology advances at an accelerating pace, robotics is becoming an integral part of our everyday lives. The growing integration of robots into human environments necessitates a deeper understanding of human-robot interactions (HRI). In this context, adopting a social psychological perspective can be fruitful for exploring the social psychological processes that shape attitudes toward robots. Drawing on intergroup contact theory (ICT), the present paper investigates intergroup contact with robots. While existing research on ICT in HRI is sparse and predominantly investigates human-like robots, this study focuses on machine-like robots in an extension of the literature. To this end, a multiple group experiment was conducted that compared a contact condition (playing the “hot wire” game with a robot) to a control group (no contact with the robot). The participants of the contact condition were further divided into two groups, with one group cooperating and one group competing with the robot. Based on findings from intergroup relations in human-human interactions, it was expected that intergroup contact with robots results in favorable perceptions of and reactions to robots. The findings indicate that intergroup contact fosters positive attitudes towards robots and the support for pro-robot social change, while having no significant impact on the willingness for future interaction. Moreover, the comparison of cooperation with and competition against the robot reveals that the form of contact influences outcomes in a way that contradicts expected relationships, indicating that some mechanisms of ICT may not be directly transferable to robots and need to be considered more thoroughly.
Innovationspotenziale der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft nutzen: Wie Nachhaltigkeit und Digitalisierung unternehmerisches Handeln beeinflussen
(Universität Vechta) Kollhoff, Sophia; Halberstadt, Jantje Prof.in Dr.; Hüttel, Silke Prof.in Dr.
Diese Studie befasst sich mit dem dringenden Bedarf an nachhaltiger Innovation im Agrar- und Ernährungsbereich, um globale Herausforderungen wie Ernährungssicherheit und Klimafestigkeit zu bewältigen. Der Fokus liegt auf der individuellen unternehmerischen Orientierung (IEO) und dem strategischen Erneuerungsverhalten (SRB) als Schlüsselfaktoren für Innovation. Untersucht wird, wie Nachhaltigkeits- und Digitalisierungsorientierungen diese Verhaltensweisen auf Mitarbeitendenebene für Unternehmen in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft in Deutschland beeinflussen. Während frühere Studien häufig die Unternehmensebene betonen, verlagert diese Studie den Fokus auf das individuelle Verhalten und untersucht, wie Nachhaltigkeits- und Digitalisierungsorientierungen die IEO und SRB der Mitarbeitenden fördern. Mit Hilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen (SEM) und Umfragedaten von Mitarbeitenden aus der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung der Mitarbeitenden sowie die Digitalisierungsorientierung sowohl der Mitarbeitenden als auch der Organisation Prädiktoren für deren unternehmerische Orientierung sind. Durch das Verständnis und die Förderung von innovationsgetriebenem Verhalten auf Mitarbeitendenebene können Organisationen im Agrar- und Ernährungsbereich ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und langfristige Resilienz stärken und so zur umfassenden Transformation der Branche im Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit beitragen.
A multi-stakeholder perspective on the development of key competencies for sustainability in Education for Sustainable Development at school
(Universität Vechta, 2024-06-02) Günther, Julia; Muster, Sina; Kaiser, Klara; Rieckmann, Marco
A range of stakeholder groups are involved with fostering Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). It is crucial that their views on the aims of ESD are aligned. This is a prerequisite for coordinated integration of ESD into the formal education system. However, research has not explored whether stakeholder groups have similar ideas about the aims and learning outcomes of ESD. This study investigates the differences and similarities in stakeholders’ opinions on the sustainability key competencies students should develop. We conducted 15 interviews with German experts in ESD practice, policy, and science, analyzing the results deductively using Qualitative Content Analysis within the UNESCO framework of Key Competencies for Sustainability. An inductive approach was used to identify aspects and concepts of competence that went beyond this framework. Most of the competencies mentioned could be assigned to the UNESCO framework, but we identified the additional competency of participating at the political level as being important for ESD. The experts also identified several other concepts. The three stakeholder groups emphasized different competencies and concepts, probably due to their differing professional backgrounds. However, similarities predominated, and the experts largely agreed on which competencies should be developed. Structural difficulties with integrating ESD into the education system are therefore not likely to be the result of fundamental differences in perspective between the three stakeholder groups on the aims of ESD. However, their different frames of reference might lead to miscommunication and misunderstanding, which could impede integration. This aspect needs thorough examination in the future.
Unlocking narratives: longitudinal associations between theory of mind and reading comprehension
(Universität Vechta, 2024-07-22) Osterhaus, Christopher; Lecce, Serena; Koerber, Susanne
This study explores the longitudinal association between Theory of Mind (ToM) and reading comprehension (RC) in middle childhood, focusing on three advanced ToM (AToM) components: social reasoning, reasoning about ambiguity and recognition of social norm transgressions. Over the course of a year, 112 nine-year-olds (61 girls, 51 boys; Mage = 9; 0 years, ±4 months at wave 1) were followed from Grade 3 to Grade 4 and assessed for AToM predictors of Grade-4 RC. Findings show that only social reasoning predicts RC, independent of general intelligence and prior RC performance. In turn, RC did not predict any AToM component. These findings contribute to understanding cognitive development in educational contexts, emphasizing the significance of AToM, particularly social reasoning, in RC.
Bioindication for ecosystem regeneration towards natural conditions: the BERN data base and BERN model
(Universität Vechta, 2024-01-20) Schlutow, Angela; Kraft, Philipp; Scheuschner, Thomas; Schlutow, Mark; Schröder, Winfried
The primary task of the BERN database is to document reference data on typical site parameters for the occurrence of plant communities in which their diagnostic species are in competitive equilibrium with each other and in homeostatic equilibrium with the site factors. Common approaches for the creation of a site-plant database such as ordination or bioindication based on individual species like PROPS or MultiMOVE model are of limited use because it is not possible to determine the potential occurrence of a plant species on the basis of site factors, since the competitive influences cannot be determined in advance according to current knowledge. Therefore, the BERN database takes into account the structure of plant communities with the abundance and dominance of species in the competitive equilibrium of plant communities as a reference for determining anthropogenically induced changes. Qualitative knowledge on the relationship between site types and vegetation communities is widely available, as can be seen from the extensive phytosociological publications. For this purpose, synoptic tables and their location descriptions of around 50,000 relevés were evaluated. The BERN database includes currently 887 central European plant communities and links to their diagnostically defining species composition. The database defines the niche of 2210 central European plant species for the soil properties pH, base saturation, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and wetness index and the climatic properties continentality, length of vegetation period, solar radiation and climatic water balance. The BERN model recombines the realised species niches that mainly form the competitively homeostatic structure of a plant community in order to determine the fundamental multifactorial niche of this community. The BERN database contains mainly historical recordings of more or less undisturbed sites. The BERN model (Bioindication for Ecosystem Regeneration towards Natural conditions) as an application module of the BERN database was developed to integrate ecological cause-effect relationships into studies on environmental status assessment and forecasting. The BERN database now has been published for the first time. The methodology of creating the BERN database and the BERN model are documented and applications are demonstrated with examples. The freely available database should invite you to supplement and modify it.
Agricultural startups’ visions of a sustainable agri-food future: a comparative case study in rural and urban Germany
(Universität Vechta, 2025-06-17) Rock, Katharina; Friedrich, Jonathan; Zscheischler, Jana
Current agriculture and food systems are major drivers of global environmental change and are linked to numerous ethical concerns. Against this backdrop, agri-startups are perceived as promising catalysts for new and more sustainable agri-food systems. However, their potential to actually contribute to sustainability transformations has been understudied. The aim of this study is to narrow this gap by analyzing German agri-startups’ visions and how these co-produce prevailing or novel sociotechnical imaginaries in agriculture. We conduct an in-depth qualitative comparative case study of agri-startups (n=16) in both a rural–agrarian and an urban (nonagricultural) setting in Germany. We identify four visions with vary¬ing scales and scopes of envisioned change, with different conceptualizations of sustainable agri-food transformation: (1) Reconfiguration of Sociomaterial Structures, (2) Partial Redesign, (3) Optimization of Value Chains, and (4) Incremental Improvement. Our findings highlight the relevance of the sociospatial context of agri-startups and innovation processes in co-producing agri-food futures. While urban startups tend to envision more holistic changes, rural agri-startups rather envision applied and pragmatic changes. We critically discuss the differences among these visions and their limited ability to transform existing agri-food systems. Finally, we highlight that agri-startups largely perpetuate existing imaginaries and that the disruptive character that is often attributed to (agri-) startups needs critical scrutiny.
15 years of degrowth research: A systematic review
(Universität Vechta, 2024-01-11) Engler, John-Oliver; Kretschmer, Max-Friedemann; Rathgens, Julius; Ament, Joe A.; Huth, Thomas; Wehrden, Henrik von
In academia and political debates, the notions of ‘degrowth’ has gained traction since the dawn of the 21st century. While some uncertainty around its exact definition remains, research on degrowth revolves around the idea of reducing resource and energy throughput as a unifying theme. We employ a mixed-methods design to systematically review the scientific peer-reviewed English literature from 2008 to 2022 that refers to ‘degrowth’ or ‘post-growth’ in title, keywords or abstract (N = 951). We find a lack of concrete distributional and monetary policy proposals in the sample analyzed, and a low overall degree of collaboration among authors in relation to degrowth's age and size. The scientific peer-reviewed literature analyzed can be grouped into seven clusters along two major gradients, one along methodology (qualitative-quantitative) and the other along scale-of-analysis (individual-societal). We conclude that the academic literature about degrowth would benefit from a more prominent discussion of the political implications of its ideas and proposals, and that in particular the debate about distributional policy implications of degrowth should be more prominent and concrete, with a stronger focus on distributional policies in a degrowing economy.
Selection of sampling sites in Germany for the International Moss Survey 2020 using statistics and decision modelling
(Universität Vechta, 2025-01-29) Nickel, Stefan; Schröder, Winfried
Background: After 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2015, Germany participated in the International Moss Monitoring 2020 (MM2020). The German contribution to MM2020 aimed at pilot studies on the suitability of bioindication with mosses for recording the atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and microplastics. Results: This investigation was based on moss samples collected at 25 sites in Germany: Eight sites at which concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were determined in the Moss Survey 2015 were included. In addition, twelve sites were selected from the pool of the total of 400 moss collection sites in 2015. Further five sites of the German moss monitoring network 2015 were added, at which moss samples were collected in 2020 for developing the sample preparation and for preliminary investigations. The selection of the five test sites was based on the same criteria as for the 20 target sites of the 2020 monitoring to make the analysis data of the test phase usable for later evaluations. To ensure methodological transparency and objectivity, a procedure based on statistical methods and decision modelling was developed for this purpose. The decision algorithm enabled taking into account a large number of technical criteria. Selected features of the three subsamples comprising 8, 20 and 25 sites were compared with those of the full sample (n = 400 sites of Moss Survey 2015) and inferentially tested whether the thinning of the 2015 sampling network (n = 400) to 8, 20 and 25 sites, respectively, leads to significant changes in its information quality or not. Conclusions: Methods of decision modelling and inferential statistics have proven their worth for transparently restructuring the moss monitoring network.
Hoping for community in a technologically decelerated world - a critical utopian approach
(Universität Vechta, 2024-07-24) Bock, Annekatrin; Macgilchrist, Felicitas; Rabenstein, Kerstin; Wagener-Böck, Nadine
Against the backdrop of technological acceleration during the Covid-19 pandemic, this paper addresses how educational practitioners’ hopes articulate a critique of the present and simultaneously give voice to (im)possible futures. Drawing on Bloch’s "principle of hope" (1995), Appadurai’s "traces of future" (2021) and Levitas’ "utopia as method" (2013), we utilize a critical utopian approach inspired by Mu˜noz (2009). We interviewed educational practitioners who worked with young people during the pandemic, and identify three themes articulating our interviewees’ hopes for technologically decelerated futures: 1) young people’s participation in decision-making, which is linked to the wish for more visibility for young people in the future; 2) mutual care, which is interwoven with the wish for support in young people’s lives to be more reliable; 3) appreciation for other groups, opinions and ways of life, which is linked to the wish for more future interpersonal understanding. These three themes point to an overarching desire for solidarity in community which needs time, occasions, role models and spaces of encounter. We discuss the priority of technologically decelerated hopes and conclude with implications for future research that brings together imaginations of futures, observations of practical action and designs for future artefacts.
Perceived expectations for active aging: the role of motivational and personality factors
(Universität Vechta, 2024-07-30) Radoš, Sonja; Pavlova, Maria; Rothermund, Klaus; Silbereisen, Rainer K.
Objectives: Perceived expectations for active aging (PEAA) reflect subjective exposure to social expectations about staying active and fit in old age, for example, by maintaining health and social engagement. We investigated whether motivational and personality factors were related to PEAA in the domains of physical health, mental health, and social engagement. Method: We used a nationally representative sample of German adults (SOEP-IS) covering the entire adult life span (N = 2,007, age range 16–94 years) to test our pre-registered hypotheses. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that motivation (i.e. life goals and health-related worries) was consistently associated with PEAA in the matching domains and mediated the effects of openness to experience on PEAA. No other personality trait was associated with PEAA. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individuals preferentially notice the expectations for active aging whose content relates to their personal concerns and goals.
Psychological determinants of physical activity: differences between adults with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and without diabetes
(Universität Vechta, 2024-10-01) Pahmeier, Iris; Teti, Andrea; Braksiek, Michael
This study aimed to compare psychological constructs related to physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and without diabetes. The focus was on understanding differences in social-cognitive determinants and individual motives regarding PA in order to tailor PA interventions more effectively. The study utilized a sample from the randomized controlled trial Activate_Prevention, including participants with T2D, prediabetes and without diabetes at baseline (n = 214). Socio-demographic variables, diabetes parameters, psychological constructs, and the level of sport activity were gathered. The data were analyzed using regression models. Adults with T2D exhibited significantly lower self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, and affective attitude toward physical activity compared to those without diabetes. They also perceived stronger barriers. Participants with prediabetes and T2D exhibited stronger extrinsic motives but lower intrinsic motives than those without diabetes. The odds of not engaging in sport activity were higher in participants with prediabetes and T2D. The study highlights differences in socio-cognitive variables, barrier perception, and motivational profiles among adults with varying diabetes statuses. These findings underline the need for tailored intervention strategies that consider these differences, emphasizing intrinsic motives and addressing the physical and mental health benefits of exercise.
‘Martial arts washing’ as a special case of ‘sportswashing’
(Universität Vechta, 2024-11-06) Meyer, Martin J.
Well-known cases of ‘sportswashing’ in combat sports are the ‘Rumble in the Jungle’ in Zaire in 1974 as well as the ‘Thrilla in Manila’ in 1975. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, however, a variant of ‘sportswashing’ has reocurred. ‘Martial arts washing’ deviates from generic ‘sportswashing’ in the way that the values and attributes associated with martial arts are hijacked by powerful individuals and reinterpreted to suit their agendas. In particular male politicians who are close to right-wing authoritarian ideas apply ‘martialarts washing’ to present themselves as virtuous martial warriors. In the presented article, the concept will be illustrated by describing events and key personalities associated with the current Russo-Ukrainian War, like the Russian president Vladimir Putin, Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, as well as Elon Musk who launched attempts to intervene in the conflict. In this process, a theoretical framework is established by connecting ‘martial arts washing’ to sport nationalism, nation branding, ‘sportswashing’ in general, and toxic masculinity.
The mediating role of social relationships between perceived classroom management and adolescents’ attitudes toward school: a multilevel analysis
(Universität Vechta, 2024-08-10) Obermeier, Ramona; Schlesier, Juliane; Heinrichs, Karin
Social relationships in the school context – particularly teacher-student relationships and peer relationships – are related to students’ positive attitudes toward school, and consequently are of great importance regarding various aspects of learning and instruction. This can be concluded from studies that examine the influence of social integration on motivation, learning emotions, and positive attitudes toward school as an institution. Additionally, social relationships are closely related to the teacher’s style of instruction and student perceptions of the learning environment provided. However, there is little research so far, on the extent to which positive social relationships mediate correlations between aspects of teaching quality i.e., classroom management, and students’ positive attitudes toward school. Both classroom management and school-related social relationships are constructs that are assumed to be perceived similarly by students within one school, who experience similar conditions in regard to the intensity and frequency of common lessons. However, there are few research findings regarding shared assessments of classroom management and it’s correlations with teacher-student relationships by students within one school or class, and to date no results regarding the shared assessments of peer relationships. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the correlations between students’ individual and aggregated assessments of social relationships in school and classroom management, with their positive attitudes toward school. The sample consisted of N = 453 polytechnic school students in Upper Austria, from which a weighted dataset was derived. The findings from multilevel mediation analyses support the assumption of the mediating role of both teacher-student relationships and peer relationships regarding the correlation between classroom management and students’ positive attitudes toward school. However, significant correlations were found only at the individual student level.
A dual process model of spontaneous conscious thought
(Universität Vechta, 2023-12-28) Pavlova, Maria
In the present article, I review theory and evidence on the psychological mechanisms of mind wandering, paying special attention to its relation with executive control. I then suggest applying a dual-process framework (i.e., automatic vs. controlled processing) to mind wandering and goal-directed thought. I present theoretical arguments and empirical evidence in favor of the view that mind wandering is based on automatic processing, also considering its relation to the concept of working memory. After that, I outline three scenarios for an interplay between mind wandering and goal-directed thought during task performance (parallel automatic processing, off-task thought substituting on-task thought, and non-disruptive mind wandering during controlled processing) and address the ways in which the mind-wandering and focused-attention spells can terminate. Throughout the article, I formulate empirical predictions. In conclusion, I discuss how automatic and controlled processing may be balanced in human conscious cognition.
Pro-social mission and honesty – an artefactual field experiment with fundraising professionals
(Universität Vechta, 2024-04-13) Hiller, Maximilian; Leisen, Bernd Josef; Mertins, Vanessa
Using priming, we explored how fundraisers’ professional identity influences their reporting behavior in a coin-toss game. While unprimed fundraisers exhibited a payoff-maximizing behavior, primed participants did not show this behavior.
Im Netz der Wörter
(Universität Vechta, 2024-11-16) Bär, Jochen A.
The article proposes a taxonomy of semantic relations as an instrument for the systematic description of lexical meanings. In addition to direct and indirect onymic relations, semic relations (relations between meanings of one and the same word) will also be discussed and their descriptive power will be illustrated with historical examples.

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