VOADo ist die Plattform zum kostenlosen Veröffentlichen, Bereitstellen und Archivieren wissenschaftlicher Dokumente an der Universität Vechta.
VOADo steht den Universitätsangehörigen für die Publikation qualifizierter wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten als Erst- oder ggf. Zweitveröffentlichung zur Verfügung. Die Volltexte sind damit im Sinne von Open Access weltweit barrierefrei zugänglich sowie dauerhaft über Kataloge und Suchmaschinen auffindbar und zitierbar.
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Perceived expectations for active aging: the role of motivational and personality factors
(Universität Vechta, 2024-07-30) Radoš, Sonja; Pavlova, Maria; Rothermund, Klaus; Silbereisen, Rainer K.
Objectives: Perceived expectations for active aging (PEAA) reflect subjective exposure to social expectations about staying active and fit in old age, for example, by maintaining health and social engagement. We investigated whether motivational and personality factors were related to PEAA in the domains of physical health, mental health, and social engagement.
Method: We used a nationally representative sample of German adults (SOEP-IS) covering the entire adult life span (N = 2,007, age range 16–94 years) to test our pre-registered hypotheses. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that motivation (i.e. life goals and health-related worries) was consistently associated with PEAA in the matching domains and mediated the effects of openness to experience on PEAA. No other personality trait was associated with PEAA. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individuals preferentially notice the expectations for active aging whose content relates to their personal concerns and goals.
Psychological determinants of physical activity: differences between adults with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and without diabetes
(Universität Vechta, 2024-10-01) Pahmeier, Iris; Teti, Andrea; Braksiek, Michael
This study aimed to compare psychological constructs related to physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and without diabetes. The focus was on
understanding differences in social-cognitive determinants and individual motives regarding PA in order to tailor PA interventions more effectively. The study utilized a sample from the randomized controlled trial Activate_Prevention, including participants with T2D, prediabetes and without diabetes at baseline (n = 214). Socio-demographic variables, diabetes parameters, psychological constructs, and the level of sport activity were gathered. The data were analyzed using regression models. Adults with T2D exhibited significantly lower self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, and affective attitude toward physical activity compared to those without diabetes. They also perceived stronger barriers. Participants with prediabetes and T2D exhibited stronger extrinsic motives but lower intrinsic motives than those without diabetes. The odds of not engaging in sport activity were higher in participants with prediabetes and T2D. The study highlights differences in socio-cognitive variables, barrier perception, and motivational profiles among adults with varying diabetes statuses. These findings underline the need for tailored intervention strategies that consider these differences, emphasizing intrinsic motives and addressing the physical and mental health benefits of exercise.
‘Martial arts washing’ as a special case of ‘sportswashing’
(Universität Vechta, 2024-11-06) Meyer, Martin J.
Well-known cases of ‘sportswashing’ in combat sports are the ‘Rumble in the Jungle’ in Zaire in 1974 as well as the ‘Thrilla in Manila’ in 1975. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, however, a variant of ‘sportswashing’ has reocurred. ‘Martial arts washing’ deviates from generic ‘sportswashing’ in the way that the values and attributes associated with martial arts are hijacked by powerful individuals and reinterpreted to suit their agendas. In particular male politicians who are close to right-wing authoritarian ideas apply ‘martialarts washing’ to present themselves as virtuous martial warriors. In the presented article, the concept will be illustrated by describing events and key personalities associated with the current Russo-Ukrainian War, like the Russian president Vladimir Putin, Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, as well as Elon Musk who launched attempts to intervene in the conflict. In this process, a theoretical framework is established by connecting ‘martial arts washing’ to sport nationalism, nation branding, ‘sportswashing’ in general, and toxic masculinity.
The mediating role of social relationships between perceived classroom management and adolescents’ attitudes toward school: a multilevel analysis
(Universität Vechta, 2024-08-10) Obermeier, Ramona; Schlesier, Juliane; Heinrichs, Karin
Social relationships in the school context – particularly teacher-student relationships and peer relationships – are related to students’ positive attitudes toward school, and consequently are of great importance regarding various aspects of learning and instruction. This can be concluded from studies that examine the influence of social integration on motivation, learning emotions, and positive attitudes toward school as an institution. Additionally, social relationships are closely related to the teacher’s style of instruction and student perceptions of the learning environment provided. However, there is little research so far, on the extent to which positive social relationships mediate correlations between aspects of teaching quality i.e., classroom management, and students’ positive attitudes toward school. Both classroom management and school-related social relationships are constructs that are assumed to be perceived similarly by students within one school, who experience similar conditions in regard to the intensity and frequency of common lessons. However, there are few research findings regarding shared assessments of classroom management and it’s correlations with teacher-student relationships by students within one school or class, and to date no results regarding the shared assessments of peer relationships. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the correlations between students’ individual and aggregated assessments of social relationships in school and classroom management, with their positive attitudes toward school. The sample consisted of N = 453 polytechnic school students in Upper Austria, from which a weighted dataset was derived. The findings from multilevel mediation analyses support the assumption of the mediating role of both teacher-student relationships and peer relationships regarding the correlation between classroom management and students’ positive attitudes toward school. However, significant correlations were found only at the individual student level.
A dual process model of spontaneous conscious thought
(Universität Vechta, 2023-12-28) Pavlova, Maria
In the present article, I review theory and evidence on the psychological mechanisms of mind wandering, paying special attention to its relation with executive control. I then suggest applying a dual-process framework (i.e., automatic vs. controlled processing) to mind wandering and goal-directed thought. I present theoretical arguments and empirical evidence in favor of the view that mind wandering is based on automatic processing, also considering its relation to the concept of working memory. After that, I outline three scenarios for an interplay between mind wandering and goal-directed thought during task performance (parallel automatic processing, off-task thought substituting on-task thought, and non-disruptive mind wandering during controlled processing) and address the ways in which the mind-wandering and focused-attention spells can terminate. Throughout the article, I formulate empirical predictions. In conclusion, I discuss how automatic and controlled processing may be balanced in human conscious cognition.